Psychoanalytic theory has also inspired a wealth of research on many aspects of emotional and social development. Freud’s () theory was the first to stress the influence of the early parent-child relationship on development, however, his perspective was eventually criticised Describe and evaluate two stage theories of child development. Developmental psychologists use theories to formulate hypotheses. There are three main, very broad families of theories related to child development. These are Psychoanalytical Theory, Learning Theory and Cognitive-Developmental Theory. Theories within each of these families attempt to provide developmentalists with Jun 01, · Although there are five theoretical perspectives of child development, this paper will expound on three of the perspectives; contextual, cognitive, and psychoanalytic, from different viewpoints. Contextual perspective is defined as a “view of child development that sees the individual as inseparable from the social context” (Papalia, )
Jean Piaget's Child Development Theory - Words | Essay Example
While child development theories essays have different ideas and perspectives, insight on child and adolescent development can assist teachers and parents in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential.
Three developmental theories are broken down to understand the concepts, points of similarity and difference, and the interaction of cognitive, physical, and emotional development of a child.
When the outcome of each stage or crisis is successful, a virtue or strength develops. The eight stages include:. Basic trust vs. mistrust birth to child development theories essays ; baby develops sense of whether the world is a good and safe; the virtue is hope.
Autonomy vs. shame months- 3 years ; child develops balance of independence and self-efficiency over shame and doubt with virtue of will. Initiative vs. guilt yearschild develops initiative without guilt with the virtue being purpose. Industry vs. inferiority 6 years to puberty ,child must learn skills of culture or face feelings of incompetence; the virtue is skill. Identity vs. identity confusion puberty to adulthoodadolescent must determine sense of self, or confusion about roles may be experienced; the virtue is fidelity.
Intimacy vs. isolation young adulthoodperson seeks to make commitments to others and when unsuccessful, isolation and self-absorption may result; the virtue is love. Generativity vs. stagnation middle adulthoodadults are concerned guiding the next generation or feels personal impoverishment; the virtue is care. Integrity vs. despair late adulthoodacceptance of own life and death, or despairs over inability to relive life; the virtue is wisdom.
Kohlberg explains moral reasoning in three levels and divides each into two stages. The first level, from ages 4 to 10, Kohlberg calls preconventional morality.
In this stage, child development theories essays, children obey rules to avoid punishment. Conventional morality is the second level, reached after age Maintaining mutual relations and getting approval of others, wanting to please and help others happens at stage three.
In stage four, an individual begins social concern and having a conscience, and understanding the principles of authority. In level three, post-conventional morality, development is in early adolescence, child development theories essays, young adulthood—or never.
Stage five of level three describes a person developing, or understanding morality of contract, child development theories essays, individual rights, and democratically accepting the law. In this stage, people are aware of principles and think rational deciding between human need and the law.
Morality of universal ethical principles is the concept of stage six. Cognitive development occurs in three interrelated processes, according to Piaget. The interrelated processes are organization, adaptation, and equilibration. Sensori-motor yrs Differentiates self from objects and recognizes self as child development theories essays of action and begins to act intentionally: e.
pulls a string to set mobile in motion or shakes a rattle to make a noise; Achieves object permanence: realizes that things continue to exist even when no longer present to the sense. Pre-operational years Learns to use language and to represent objects by images and words. Thinking is still egocentric: has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others. Classifies objects by a single feature: e. groups together all the red child development theories essays regardless of shape or all the square blocks regardless of color.
Classifies objects according to several features and can order them in series along a single dimension such as size. Atherton, The major points of similarity, or agreement, in each viewpoint are; development occurs in stages in all three perspectives, and all theorists believe development begins from birth. His concept was that if a stage of crisis were unsuccessful, child development theories essays, the result would be an inability to get to the next stage; which in turn contributes to an unhealthy personality and sense of self.
The importance of understanding normal child and adolescent development. Indeed, while theorists have different ideas and perspectives, parents and teacher who have some knowledge have a better chance in helping children reach their full developmental and learning potential, and they will be more aware when development and growth are in the normal range. Cory, R. Retrieved June 29. Heffner, C. June 29, ,from All Psych Online: The Virtual Psychology Classroom:.
Papalia, D. Child Development Theories. Accessed May 31, Child Development Theories Categories: Child development Philosophy Theories. Download paper. Essay, Pages 6 words. Turn in your highest-quality paper Get a qualified writer to help you with. Get quality help now. Verified writer. Proficient in: Child development. Cite this page Child Development Theories, child development theories essays.
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Comparing and Contrasting Human Development Theories - Free Essay Sample
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Theories of Child Development Essay. Words5 Pages. Theories abound around how people develop emotionally, intellectually, socially and spiritually. This essay will examine the theories of five leaders on the subject of development. Jean Piaget believed in four stages of development that were fairly concrete in description (Atherton, ) Child development theories essays. Posted on Child development theories. Published by naples marketing agency research articles admin2 at February 21, Categories. Main; Tags. A young woman has been arrested and is serving jail time for drug possession, assault, and armed robbery. Throughout her childhood and Describe and evaluate two stage theories of child development. Developmental psychologists use theories to formulate hypotheses. There are three main, very broad families of theories related to child development. These are Psychoanalytical Theory, Learning Theory and Cognitive-Developmental Theory. Theories within each of these families attempt to provide developmentalists with
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